A WorkRelated Neck and Upper Extremity Pain and Its Influence on Activities of DailyLiving: A Prevalence Study among Dentists in Karachi

WorkRelated Neck and Upper Extremity Pain among Dentists

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Dentists are prone to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to prolonged postures, repetitive hand movements, and frequent use of vibrating dental instruments. These issues can impair ADLs and professional efficiency. To determine the prevalence of neck and upper extremity pain among dentists in Karachi and its impact on ADLs.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 practicing dentists aged 24-55 years, excluding those in academia. Data was collected using the NMQ and an adapted Upper Limb Functional Index. Pain in the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hands, and upper back, along with ADL limitations, was assessed. SPSS version 29 was used for analysis, and a chi-square test was used to assess the association with demographics.
RESULTS:
Neck pain was the most common, 64.9%, followed by shoulder, 55.9% and wrist/hand, 52.9%. Female dentists reported higher pain prevalence and greater ADL restrictions. Nearly half experienced limitations in neck-related activities. Affected daily tasks included grooming hair, 38.6%, washing back, 38.1%, carrying a shopping bag, 26.2% and sleeping, 26.7%, while severe pain during bed-making was rare. Physician consultations were most frequent for the neck, 23.3%. Shoulder, upper-back, and elbow pain were significantly associated with gender (p< 0.05), but not with age, experience, or working hours.
CONCLUSION:
Neck and upper extremity are highly prevalent among dentists in Karachi, especially females, and begin early in practice. Ergonomic interventions are essential for prevention and QOL.